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MMUCC
MODEL MINIMUM UNIFORM CRASH CRITERIA GUIDELINE
Improving Crash Data for Safer Highways

APPENDICES H–S

H  I  J  K  L  M  N  O  P  Q  R  S

APPENDIX H—Diagram of the Trafficway*

*Source: ANSI D16.1-1996 Manual on Classification of Motor Vehicle Traffic Accidents, Sixth Edition.

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APPENDIX I—Diagram Showing the Manner of Collision*

FARS CODES
01 Front-to-Rear (includes Rear-End)
02 Front-to-Front (includes Head-On)

Angles:
03 Front-to-Side, Same Direction
04 Front-to-Side, Opposite Direction
05 Front-to-Side, Right Angle (includes Broadside)
06 Front-to-Side/Angle — Direction Not Specified

*Source: FARS Coding Manual

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APPENDIX J—Diagram of an Interchange*

Crashes which occur within the shaded areas are Interchange Crashes.

*Source: ANSI D16.1-1996 Manual on Classification of Motor Vehicle Traffic Accidents, Sixth Edition.

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APPENDIX K—Diagram of an Intersection*

*Source: ANSI D16.1-1996 Manual on Classification of Motor Vehicle Traffic Accidents, Sixth Edition.

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APPENDIX L—Diagram of a Work Zone Area*

*Source: FHWA

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APPENDIX M—NCIC Codes for Motor Vehicle Makes*

*Source: National Crime Information Center

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APPENDIX N—Clockpoint Diagrams for Different Types of Motor Vehicles*

*Source: FARS Coding Manual

Impact Points

*Source: FARS Coding Manual

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APPENDIX O—Violation Codes*

Reckless/Careless/Hit-and-Run Type Offenses

• Manslaughter or homicide
• Willful reckless driving; driving to endanger, negligent driving
• Unsafe reckless (not willful, wanton, reckless) driving
• Inattentive, careless, improper driving
• Fleeing or eluding law enforcement
• Fail to obey law enforcement, fireman, authorized person directing traffic
• Hit-and-run, fail to stop after accident
• Fail to give aid, info, wait for law enforcement after crash
• Serious violation resulting in death

Impairment Offenses

• Driving while intoxicated (alcohol or drugs) or BAC above limit (any detectable BAC for CDLs)
• Driving while impaired
• Driving under influence of substance not intended to intoxicate
• Drinking while operating
• Illegal possession of alcohol or drugs
• Driving with detectable alcohol
• Refusal to submit to chemical test
• Alcohol, drug or impairment violations generally

Speed-Related Offenses

• Racing
• Speeding (above the speed limit)
• Speed greater than reasonable & prudent (not necessarily over the limit)
• Exceeding special limit (e.g.: for trucks, buses, cycles, or on bridge, in school zone, etc.)
• Energy speed (exceeding 55 mph, non-pointable)
• Driving too slowly
• Speed related violations, generally

Rules of the Road — Traffic Sign & Signals

• Fail to stop for red signal
• Fail to stop for flashing red
• Violation of turn on red (fail to stop & yield, yield to pedestrians before turning)
• Fail to obey flashing signal (yellow or red)
• Fail to obey signal, generally
• Violate RR grade crossing device/regulations
• Fail to obey stop sign
• Fail to obey yield sign
• Fail to obey traffic control device

Rules of the Road — Turning, Yielding, Signaling

• Turn in violation of traffic control (disobey signs, turn arrow or pavement markings; this is not a right-on-red violation)
• Improper method & position of turn (too wide, wrong lane)
• Fail to signal for turn or stop
• Fail to yield to emergency vehicle
• Fail to yield, generally
• Enter intersection when space insufficient
• Turn, yield, signaling violations, generally

Rules of the Road — Wrong Side, Passing & Following

• Driving wrong way on one-way road
• Driving on left, wrong side of road, generally
• Improper, unsafe passing
• Pass on right (drive off pavement to pass)
• Pass stopped school bus
• Fail to give way when overtaken
• Following too closely
• Wrong side, passing, following violations, generally

Rules of the Road — Lane Usage

• Unsafe or prohibited lane change
• Improper use of lane (enter of 3-lane road, HOV designated lane)
• Certain traffic to use right lane (trucks, slow-moving, etc.)
• Motorcycle lane violations (more than two per lane, riding between lanes, etc.)
• Motorcyclist attached to another vehicle
• Lane violations, generally

Non-Moving — License and Registration Violations

• Driving while license withdrawn (including violation of provisions of work permit)
• Other driver license violations
• Commercial driver violations (log book, hours, permits carried)
• Vehicle registration violations
• Fail to carry insurance card
• Driving uninsured vehicle
• Non-moving violations, generally

Equipment

• Lamp violations
• Brake violations
• Failure to require restraint use (by self or passengers)
• Motorcycle equipment violations (helmet, special equipment)
• Violation of hazardous cargo regulations
• Size, weight, load violations
• Equipment violations, generally

License, Registration & Other Violations

• Parking
• Theft, unauthorized use of motor vehicle
• Driving where prohibited (sidewalk, limited access, off truck route)
• Other moving violation (coasting, backing, opening door)
• Unknown VIOLATION

Note: AAMVAnet Code Dictionary (ACD) of violation codes can be accessed at www.aamva.org

*Source: FARS Coding Manual

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APPENDIX P—Names*

The length and type of a name field is 35 alphanumeric symbols (ANS).

Names of Persons

There are four subfields within the name field and each ends in a spacer (“@”) except for the final field. SUFFIX. Spacers must be used to differentiate the name subfields. From left to right, the code is composed of LAST NAME, @, FIRST NAME, @ MIDDLE NAMES SEPARATED BY SPACES, @, SUFFIX. A spacer must follow every subfield except for SUFFIX, even when the subfields contain no data.

Irregular Names

If a person has only one name, that name must be coded in the Last Name subfield. An asterisk (****) in the First Name subfield indicates the person has no first name. If the person’s first name is unknown, put no data into the First Name subfield except for the spacer.

This Middle Name subfield will accommodate multiple middle names. Multiple middle names should be separated by blank spaces.

The only special character allowed in the Last Name subfield is a hyphen (“-”), which may occur only once and must be embedded between two alphabetic characters (as in the last name “Stuart-Washington’).

Prefixes and titles are not allowed in any subfield of the name, and only the defined suffix codes may be used.

Long Names

If a coded name exceeds 35 characters, it may be truncated by the following rules:

1. If the coded name exceeds 35 characters, the middle name is truncated. Truncation begins at the end of the last occurring middle name. If necessary, the middle name subfield may be reduced to the first initial of the first-occurring middle name. The first initial of the first occurring middle name shall always be coded.
2. If, after (1), the name code still exceeds 35 characters, the middle name is truncated. Truncation begins at the end of the last occurring middle name. If necessary, the middle name subfield may be reduced to the first initial of the first-occurring middle name. The first initial of the first occurring middle name shall always be coded.
3. If, after (1) and (2), the name code still exceeds 35 characters, the first name is truncated. Truncation begins at the last character of the first name. If necessary, the first name subfield may be reduced to the first initial of the first name. The first initial of the first name shall always be coded.
4. If, after (1), (2), and (3), the name code still exceeds 35 characters, the last name is truncated. Truncation proceeds with the last character of the last name and continues until the name code is 35 characters in length, including spacers and first and middle initials.

Suffixes (if present)

EXAMPLE: DOE@JOHN@X is the proper code for “John X. Doe,” “John Winston Smith Doe, Jr. is coded DOE@JOHN@WINSTON SMITH@JR. “Kimberly Allen Beauregard Churchill-Rockwell, IV” is coded CHURCHILL-ROCKWELL@KIMBERLY@ALLEN@ (the suffix is eliminated, and the second middle name is truncated).

Other Names

Names not belonging to persons, such as those of businesses, organizations, or state governments, are coded without the use of sub-fields, but use the following two rules:

1. When possible, use standard abbreviations, such as CO for “company”, INC for “Incorporated,” or US for “United States.”
2. If, after abbreviating, the name still exceeds 35 characters, truncate the end of the name as necessary.

EXAMPLES: The code for “John Smith Trade and Transportation Company” is JOHN SMITH TRADE & TRANSPORATION C. DOE ELECTRONICS, INC is the code for “Doe Electronics, Incorporated. “Wilson & Co.” remains WILSON & CO.

*Source: Based on Driver History Record Data Dictionary, May 22, 1990, pages B5–B6.

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APPENDIX Q—Addresses*

Address fields are variable length composite fields with a maximum length of 71 or 108. Following are descriptions of how to set up the fields for both. Each subfield contains one type of data followed by either a delimiter, “@”, to indicate the end of the subfield or an ending delimited, “,”, to show the end of the address code. The spacers must be used to differentiate the name positions. The name and maximum length and type of each subfield is shown in the table below. The maximum length for each subfield includes one space for the delimiter.

The code is composed in the basic format:

Street Address A@Street Address B@City or Town @State @Zip Code;

If data for any of the five subfields is omitted, that subfield’s delimiter must still be coded.

Use standard abbreviations for street and place names if necessary. Abbreviations for use in addresses are listed in National Five-Digit Zip Code & Post Office Directory U.S. Postal Service, 1991, pages 2-3 through 2-11.

Use the two-character alphabetic codes for the state subfield. Alphabetic abbreviations of state names are available in Appendix A.

EXAMPLE: For 29293 Abbot Farms Court, Suite 340, Trenton, New Jersey, 08610 the code is:

29293 ABBOT FARMS CT@SUITE 340@TRENTON @NJ@08610;

For 1234 South Elm Avenue, Springfield, Illinois 62703, the code is:

1234 S ELM AVENUE@@SPRINGFIELD@IL@62703;

Note the two delimiters following Street Address A in the second example, which indicate that there is no Street Address B.

*Source: Based on Driver History Record Data Dictionary, October 1994.

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APPENDIX R—Definitions for Truck Configurations and Placards*

Definitions

Truck — A motor vehicle designed, used or maintained primarily for the transportation of property. For the purpose of this form the vehicle must also meet one of the following criteria:

• Have a gross vehicle weight rating or gross combination weight rating of 10,001 lbs. or more; OR
• Display a Hazardous Material Placard.

Bus — A motor vehicle providing seats for 16 or more persons including the driver and used primarily for the transportation of persons.

Bus/Large Van — A motor vehicle providing seats for 9–15 passengers including the driver and used primarily for the transportation of persons.

Trailer — A non-power vehicle towed by a motor vehicle.

Reportable Truck Accident A highway related incident normally investigated by a police office and reported on a standard accident report form involving one or more trucks or buses (as defined above) which results in:

• One or more fatalities; OR
• One or more non-fatal injuries requiring transportation for the purpose of obtaining immediate medical treatment; OR
• One or more of the vehicles being removed from the scene as a result or disabling damage; OR
• One of more vehicles requiring intervening assistance before proceeding under it’s own power.

*Source: FMCSA

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APPENDIX S—Seating Position*

Codes for Seating Position

00  Non-Motorist
11  Front Seat — Left Side (Usually Driver’s Side)
12  Front Seat — Middle
13  Front Seat — Right Side
18  Front Seat — Other
19  Front Seat — Unknown
21  Second Seat — Left Side
22  Second Seat — Middle
23  Second Seat — Right Side
28  Second Seat — Other
29  Second Seat — Unknown
31  Third Seat — Left Side
32  Third Seat — Middle
33  Third Seat — Right Side
38  Third Seat — Other
39  Third Seat — Unknown
41  Fourth Seat — Left Side
42  Fourth Seat — Middle
43  Fourth Seat — Right Side
48  Fourth Seat — Other
49  Fourth Seat — Unknown
50  Sleeper Section of Cab (Truck)
51  Other Passenger in enclosed passenger or cargo area (includes passengers in 5th row of 15-seat, 5-row vans)
52  Other Passenger in unenclosed passenger or cargo area
53  Other Passenger in passenger or cargo area, unknown whether or not enclosed
54  Trailing Unit
55  Riding on Vehicle Exterior
99  Unknown

*Source: FARS Coding Manual

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