APPENDIX A: SECONDARY TASKS

Table A-1. Secondary tasks recorded during data reduction.

	Passenger-Related Secondary Task
	Passenger in adjacent seat	Driver is talking to a passenger sitting in adjacent seat that can be identified by the person encroaching into the camera view or the driver is clearly looking and talking to the passenger.
	Passenger in rear seat	Driver is talking to a passenger sitting in rear seat that can be identified by the person encroaching into the camera view or the driver is clearly looking and talking to the passenger seated in the rear.
	Child in adjacent seat	Driver is talking to a child sitting in the adjacent seat who can be identified by the child encroaching into the camera view or the driver is clearly looking and talking to the child.
	Child in rear seat	Driver is talking to a child sitting in the rear seat who can be identified by the child or child related paraphernalia encroaching into the camera view or the driver is clearly looking and talking to the passenger seated in the rear.
	Talking/Singing: No Passenger Apparent
	Talking/singing/dancing	Driver appears to be vocalizing either to an unknown passenger, to self, or singing to the radio. Also, in this category are instances where the driver exhibits dancing behavior.
	Internal Distraction: Not vehicle or passenger related.
	Reading	Driver is reading papers, a magazine, a book, or a map
	Moving object in vehicle	Driver is distracted by stationary objects suddenly in motion due to hard braking, accelerating, or turning corner.
	Object dropped by driver	Driver dropped an object and is now looking for it or reaching for it.
	Reaching for object in vehicle (not cell phone)	Driver is attempting to locate an object while driving.
	Insect in vehicle	Driver is distracted by a flying insect that is in the cabin of the vehicle.
	Pet in vehicle	Driver is distracted by a pet that is in the cabin of the vehicle.
	Wireless Device
	Talking/listening	Driver is clearly conversing on the cell phone.
	Head-set on/conversation unknown	Driver has a hands-free head-set on but the conversation is unknown
	Dialing hand-held cell phone	Driver is attempting to dial a hand-held cell phone while the vehicle is in gear.
	Dialing hand-held cell phone using quick keys	Driver is attempting to use quick keys to dial a hand-held cell phone while the vehicle is in gear.
	Dialing hands-free cell phone using voice activated software	Driver is attempting to dial a hands-free cell phone using voice activation while the vehicle is in gear.
	Locating/reaching/answering cell phone	Driver is attempting to locate the cell phone by reaching for it in order to use it or answer it while the vehicle is in gear.
	Cell phone: other	Any other activity associated with a cell phone i.e., looking at a cell phone for time, or screening calls but not dialing, or talking while the vehicle is in gear.
	Locating/reaching for PDA	Driver is attempting to locate a PDA by reaching for it in order to use it or to answer it while the vehicle is in gear.
	Operating PDA	Driver is using (looking at, using stylus, or pressing buttons) while the vehicle is in gear.
	Viewing PDA	Driver is only looking at a PDA, no stylus or button presses, while the vehicle is in gear.
	Vehicle-Related Secondary Task
	Adjusting climate control	Driver is looking at and/or reaching to adjust the HVAC system while the vehicle is in gear.
	Adjusting the radio	Driver is looking at and/or reaching to adjust the radio/stereo system while the vehicle is in gear.
	Inserting/retrieving cassette	Driver is inserting or retrieving a cassette while the vehicle is in gear.
	Inserting/retrieving CD	Driver is inserting or retrieving a compact disc while the vehicle is in gear.
	Adjusting other devices integral to vehicle	Driver is looking at and/or reaching to adjust another in-dash system while the vehicle is in gear.
	Adjusting other known in-vehicle devices	Driver is looking at and/or reaching to adjust another in-vehicle system (i.e., XM Radio) while the vehicle is in gear.
	Dining
	Eating with a utensil	Driver is eating food with a utensil while the vehicle is in gear.
	Eating without a utensil	Driver is eating food without utensil while the vehicle is in gear.
	Drinking with a covered/ straw	Driver is drinking out of a covered container (travel mug) or covered container with a straw while the vehicle is in gear.
	Drinking out of open cup/ container	Driver is drinking out of an open cup or container that can be easily spilled while the vehicle is in gear.
	Smoking
	Reaching for cigar/cigarette	Driver is reaching for cigar/cigarette/pipe while the vehicle is in gear.
	Lighting cigar/cigarette	Driver is lighting the cigar/cigarette/pipe while the vehicle is in gear.
	Smoking cigar/cigarette	Driver is smoking the cigar/cigarette/pipe while the vehicle is in gear.
	Extinguishing cigar/cigarette	Driver is putting the cigar/cigarette out in an ashtray while the vehicle is in gear.
	Daydreaming
	Lost in thought	Driver is haphazardly looking around but not at any single distraction.
	Looked but did not see	Driver is looking in the direction of a conflict but does not react in a timely manner. Driver may also exhibit a surprised look at the moment of realization.
	External Distraction
	Looking at previous crash or highway incident	Driver is looking out of the vehicle at a collision or a highway incident that has happened recently.
	Pedestrian located outside the vehicle	Driver is looking out of the vehicle at a pedestrian who may or may not pose a safety hazard (generally not in the forward roadway).
	Animal located outside the vehicle	Driver is looking out of the vehicle at an animal that may or may not pose a safety hazard (generally not in the forward roadway).
	Object located outside the vehicle	Driver is looking out of the vehicle at an object of interest that may or may not pose a safety hazard. Objects may or may not be in the forward roadway.
	Construction zone	Driver is looking out of the vehicle at construction equipment that may or may not pose a safety hazard.
	Personal Hygiene
	Combing/brushing/fixing hair	Driver is grooming or styling hair while the vehicle is in gear. Driver may or may not be looking in a mirror.
	Applying make-up	Driver is applying makeup while the vehicle is in gear. Driver may or may not be looking in a mirror.
	Shaving	Driver is shaving facial hair while the vehicle is in gear. Driver may or may not be looking in a mirror.
	Brushing/flossing teeth	Driver is brushing or flossing teeth while the vehicle is in gear. Driver may or may not be looking in a mirror.
	Biting nails/cuticles	Driver is biting nails and/or cuticles. Driver may or may not be looking at nails and/or cuticles.
	Removing/adjusting jewelry	Driver is removing/adjusting/putting on jewelry while the vehicle is in gear.
	Removing/inserting contact lenses	Driver is attempting to remove or insert contact lenses while the vehicle is in gear.
	Other	Driver is cleaning/adjusting/altering something on their person while the vehicle is in gear.
	Driving-related Inattention to Forward Roadway
	Checking center rear-view mirror	Driver is observing traffic in rear-view mirror while moving forward or stopped, but the vehicle is in gear (i.e., stopped at an intersection).
	Looking out left side of windshield (not in direction in motion)	Driver is looking out the left side of the windshield while the vehicle is either moving forward or stopped, but is in gear. This is not marked if the driver is making a left turn.
	Looking out right side of windshield (not in direction in motion)	Driver is looking out the right side of the windshield while the vehicle is either moving forward or stopped, but is in gear. This is not marked if the driver is making a right turn.
	Checking left rear-view mirror	Driver is observing traffic in left rear-view mirror while moving forward or stopped, but the vehicle is in gear (i.e., stopped at an intersection).
	Looking out left window	Driver is observing traffic in left window while moving forward or stopped, but the vehicle is in gear (i.e., stopped at an intersection).
	Checking right rear-view mirror	Driver is observing traffic in right rear-view mirror while moving forward or stopped, but the vehicle is in gear (i.e., stopped at an intersection).
	Looking out right window	Driver is observing traffic in right window while moving forward or stopped, but the vehicle is in gear (i.e., stopped at an intersection).
	Looking at instrument panel	Driver is checking vehicle speed/temperature/RPMs while vehicle is moving or stopped, but is in gear.