| TECHNICAL REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE |
| EXECUTIVE SUMMARY |
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INTRODUCTION |
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METHOD |
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MAJOR CONCLUSIONS |
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GLOSSARY OF TERMS |
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TABLE OF FIGURES |
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TABLE OF TABLES |
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CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION AND METHOD |
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BACKGROUND |
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METHOD |
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Instrumentation |
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Subjects |
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Vehicles |
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PROCEDURE FOR DATA REDUCTION: 100-CAR STUDY EVENT DATABASE |
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Sensitivity Analysis |
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Recruiting and Training Data Reductionists |
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Event Database Reduction Software Framework |
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Baseline Database Framework |
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Data Reduction Inter- and Intra-Rater Reliability for the 100-Car Study Event Database |
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SURVEYS, QUESTIONNAIRES AND PERFORMANCE-BASED TESTS |
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CHAPTER 2: OBJECTIVE 1, WHAT IS THE PREVALENCE AS WELL AS THE TYPES OF DRIVER INATTENTION IN WHICH DRIVERS ENGAGE DURING THEIR DAILY DRIVING? WHAT IS THE RELATIVE NEAR-CRASH/CRASH RISK OF DRIVING WHILE ENGAGING IN AN INATTENTIVE TASK? IS THE RELATIVE NEAR-CRASH/CRASH RISK DIFFERENT FOR DIFFERENT TYPES OF SECONDARY TASKS? |
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Driver Data Included in the Analysis |
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QUESTION 1. WHAT IS THE RELATIVE FREQUENCY OF A DRIVER BEING LABELED INATTENTIVE VERSUS ATTENTIVE? |
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QUESTION 2. WHAT IS THE RELATIVE FREQUENCY OF EACH TYPE OF DRIVER INATTENTION BEING LABELED AS A CONTRIBUTING FACTOR FOR CRASHES, NEAR-CRASHES, AND/OR PRESENT IN BASELINE EPOCHS? |
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QUESTION 3. DETERMINE THE RELATIVE NEAR-CRASH/CRASH RISK AND THE POPULATION ATTRIBUTABLE RISK PERCENTAGE FOR EACH TYPE OF INATTENTION. WHAT IS THE RELATIVE RISK FOR DIFFERENT TYPES OF SECONDARY TASKS? |
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CONCLUSIONS |
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CHAPTER 3: OBJECTIVE 2, WHAT ARE THE ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS ASSOCIATED WITH DRIVER CHOICE OF ENGAGEMENT IN SECONDARY TASKS OR DRIVING WHILE DROWSY? WHAT ARE THE RELATIVE RISKS OF A CRASH OR NEAR-CRASH WHEN ENGAGING IN DRIVING INATTENTION WHILE ENCOUNTERING THESE ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS? |
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DATA INCLUDED IN THESE ANALYSES |
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AMBIENT LIGHT/WEATHER CONDITIONS |
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Lighting Level |
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Weather |
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ROADWAY AND SURFACE CONDITIONS |
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Road Type |
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Roadway Alignment |
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Traffic Density |
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Surface Condition |
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ROADWAY INFRASTRUCTURE |
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Traffic Control |
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Relation to Junction |
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SUMMARY |
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CHAPTER 4: OBJECTIVE 3, DETERMINE THE DIFFERENCES IN DEMOGRAPHIC DATA, TEST BATTERY RESULTS, AND PERFORMANCE-BASED MEASURES BETWEEN INATTENTIVE AND ATTENTIVE DRIVERS. HOW MIGHT THIS KNOWLEDGE BE USED TO MITIGATE THE POTENTIAL NEGATIVE CONSEQUENCES OF INATTENTIVE DRIVING BEHAVIORS? COULD THIS INFORMATION BE USED TO IMPROVE DRIVER EDUCATION COURSES OR TRAFFIC SCHOOLS? |
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DATA INCLUDED IN THESE ANALYSES |
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ASSIGNMENT OF INVOLVEMENT LEVEL FOR DRIVERS |
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ANALYSIS ONE: T-TEST ANALYSIS FOR THE “LOW AND HIGH INVOLVEMENT IN INATTENTION-RELATED CRASHES AND NEAR-CRASHES” |
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Demographic Data Analyses |
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Driving History |
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Test Battery Analyses |
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Performance-based test analyses |
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ANALYSIS ONE: CORRELATION ANALYSIS FOR THE HIGH- AND LOW-INVOLVEMENT GROUPS |
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ANALYSIS TWO: F-TEST ANALYSIS FOR THE LOW-, MODERATE-, AND HIGH-INVOLVEMENT GROUPS |
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Results |
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ANALYSIS TWO: CORRELATION ANALYSIS FOR THOSE DRIVERS WITH LOW, MODERATE, AND HIGH INVOLVMENT IN INATTENTION-RELATED CRASHES AND NEAR-CRASHES. |
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ANALYSIS THREE. ARE DRIVERS’ RESPONSES TO THE DEMOGRAPHIC, TEST BATTERY, AND PERFORMANCE-BASED TESTS PREDICTIVE OF INVOLVEMENT IN INATTENTION-RELATED CRASHES AND NEAR-CRASHES? |
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DISCUSSION. HOW MIGHT THESE RESULTS BE USED TO MITIGATE THE POTENTIAL NEGATIVE CONSEQUENCES OF INATTENTIVE DRIVING BEHAVIORS AND COULD THIS INFORMATION BE USED TO IMPROVE DRIVER EDUCATION COURSES OR TRAFFIC SCHOOLS? |
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SUMMARY |
| CHAPTER 5: OBJECTIVE 4, WHAT IS THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MEASURES OBTAINED FROM PRE-TEST BATTERIES (E.G., A LIFE STRESS TEST) AND THE FREQUENCY OF ENGAGEMENT IN DISTRACTING BEHAVIORS WHILE DRIVING? DOES THERE APPEAR TO BE ANY CORRELATION BETWEEN WILLINGNESS TO ENGAGE IN DISTRACTING BEHAVIORS AND MEASURES OBTAINED FROM PRE-TEST BATTERIES? |
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DATA USED IN THIS ANALYSIS |
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DESCRIPTION OF DATA |
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CONCLUSIONS |
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CHAPTER 6: OBJECTIVE 5, WHAT IS THE RELATIVE NEAR-CRASH/CRASH RISK OF EYES OFF THE FORWARD ROADWAY? DO EYES OFF THE FORWARD ROADWAY SIGNIFICANTLY AFFECT SAFETY AND/OR DRIVING PERFORMANCE? |
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Data Used in these Analyses |
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QUESTION 1. WHAT IS THE RELATIVE NEAR-CRASH/CRASH RISK OF EYES OFF THE FORWARD ROADWAY? |
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QUESTION 2. DO EYES OFF THE FORWARD ROADWAY SIGNIFICANTLY AFFECT SAFETY AND/OR DRIVING PERFORMANCE? |
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Eye-Glance Location Analysis |
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CONCLUSIONS |
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CHAPTER 7: OBJECTIVE 6, ARE THERE DIFFERENCES IN DRIVING PERFORMANCE FOR DRIVERS WHO ARE ENGAGING IN A DISTRACTION TASK VERSUS THOSE DRIVERS WHO ARE ATTENDING TO DRIVING? ARE SOME OF THE SAFETY SURROGATE MEASURES MORE SENSITIVE TO DRIVING PERFORMANCE DIFFERENCES WHEN DRIVING DISTRACTED VERSUS OTHER SAFETY SURROGATE MEASURES? |
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DATA USED IN THIS ANALYSIS |
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STEPWISE SELECTION PROCEDURE AND CANONICAL DISCRIMINANT ANALYSIS |
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DISCRIMINANT ANALYSIS |
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DISCUSSION |
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CHAPTER 8: CONCLUSIONS |
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GENERAL CONCLUSIONS |
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RELATIVE RISK OF A CRASH OR NEAR-CRASH: CONCLUSIONS |
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POPULATION ATTRIBUTABLE RISK PERCENTAGE CONCLUSIONS |
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LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY |
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APPLICATION OF RESULTS |
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REFERENCES |
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APPENDIX A: SECONDARY TASKS |
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Passenger-Related Secondary Task |
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Talking/Singing: No Passenger Apparent |
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Internal Distraction: Not vehicle or passenger related. |
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Wireless Device |
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Vehicle-Related Secondary Task |
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Dining |
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Smoking |
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Daydreaming |
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External Distraction |
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Personal Hygiene |
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Driving-related Inattention to Forward Roadway |
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APPENDIX B: COPY OF QUESTIONNAIRES |
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DEMOGRAPHIC QUESTIONNAIRE |
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DRIVING HISTORY – SUBJECT INTERVIEW |
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HEALTH ASSESSMENT |
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DULA DANGEROUS DRIVING INDEX |
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SLEEP HYGIENE QUESTIONNAIRE |
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DRIVER STRESS INVENTORY |
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LIFE STRESS INVENTORY |
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APPENDIX C: DATA REDUCTION VARIABLES |
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EVENT VARIABLES |
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DRIVER STATE VARIABLES |
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APPENDIX D: ANOVA TABLES |