Equipment Design Features (Impacts on Safety)

DISCUSSION ISSUES/TOPICS

Effective/Ineffective Designs & Countermeasures

• What technologies can be employed to develop less distracting devices (e.g., voice recognition, hands free operation)?
• To what extent does voice interaction (speech recognition, artificial speech) provide benefits over visual presentation? Under what conditions is voice communication distracting?
• Is there less driver distraction with the use of Head Up Displays (HUDs) than with traditional displays? Can everyone use HUDs effectively?
• How should information be structured, formatted, and searched? How much information is too much for drivers to handle?
• What designs and features (design soluations) have worked well in this or similar applications? What problems have been observed?
• What effective countermeasures can be used to combat distraction?

• What are the important unanswered questions regarding the design of in-vehicle technologies? Is research best directed at defining good design or developing tools to evaluate individual designs?

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Effective/Ineffective Designs & Countermeasures
	The Impact of Internal Distraction on Driver Visual Behavior   5/17/00 2:30:52 PM   Divided Attention Ability of Young and Older Drivers   5/30/00 1:12:17 PM   Speech-based Interaction with In-vehicle Computers: The Effect of Speech-based E-mail on Drivers’ Attention to the Roadway   5/31/00 11:52:26 AM   Integration of Driver In-Vehicle ITS Information   5/31/00 11:53:14 AM   E-Distraction: The Challenges for Safe and Usable Internet Services in Vehicles   5/31/00 12:04:41 PM   Can Collision Warning Systems Mitigate Distraction Due to In-Vehicle Devices?   5/31/00 1:12:43 PM Authors:   John D. Lee, Michelle L. Ries, Daniel V. McGehee, and Timothy L. Brown (Cognitive Systems Laboratory, Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Iowa) and Michael Perel (National Highway Traffic Safety Administration) View Entire Paper Abstract Rear-end collisions account for approximately 28% of automotive crashes. Because driver inattention is a contributing factor in more than 60% of these collisions, rear-end collision avoidance systems (RECAS) offer a promising approach to reduce crashes and save lives. A RECAS is a device that uses electronic sensors (e.g. radar) to detect the motion of a lead vehicle, compute whether a collision is likely, and trigger an alarm to alert the driver to the impending collision. This paper presents two experiments that use a high-fidelity driving simulator to compare how well drivers can avoid crashes with and without the aid of a RECAS. The first experiment examined how variations in warning algorithm parameters affect the ability of a RECAS to aid distracted drivers in avoiding an imminent collision. The primary comparison was between algorithms that triggered an early versus late warning. Drivers were distracted with a visually demanding number reading task. The results show that an early warning helps drivers react more quickly and avoid more collisions compared to a late warning or no warning. The second experiment examined the ability of the RECAS to help non-distracted drivers avoid an imminent collision. The results show that the RECAS benefits drivers even when they are not distracted. The magnitude and type of this distraction is compared with cognitive distractions due to speech-based interactions. Potential opportunities and challenges for RECAS to mitigate the effect of in-vehicle distractions are also discussed.   In-Vehicle Communication and Driving: An Attempt to Overcome their Interference   6/1/00 11:55:10 AM   If purchasing an in-vehicle device, how much of an influence does the design and ease of use of devices have on your selection?      Can auditory systems (devices with the capability to interpret voice commands, or communicate using speech messages) address the safety concerns associated with operating in-vehicle technologies?      Do you believe hands-free technology is sufficient to address safety concerns related to cell phone use while driving?      Is it possible to design electronic maps that can be safely used while driving?      Is it possible to design wireless Internet devices (e.g., e-mail systems) that can be safely used while driving?      Integration of Driver in vehicle ITS   7/6/00 2:13:53 PM   In your opinion, what is the maximum number of recommended information displays a HUD should feature?    7/14/00 8:52:05 AM   Passenger Air Bag technology saves lives, BUT...   7/14/00 6:11:10 PM   Radio designs are needlessly dangerous   7/18/00 3:04:26 PM   Radio designs are needlessly dangerous, II   7/18/00 6:32:12 PM   Possible solution   7/18/00 6:44:54 PM   disable devices while car is in motion   7/19/00 11:19:00 AM   low cost "black-box" equipment for motor vehicles   7/19/00 11:50:17 AM   In your opinion, what is the maximum number of recommended information displays a HUD should feature? Can you specify related references?   7/19/00 4:11:36 PM   What role can automation play in reducing the driver distraction problem? What automated or assistance systems can we expect to see in the future?   7/20/00 7:47:20 AM   Confusing radio controls   7/20/00 4:05:31 PM   Older vs. Younger   7/24/00 9:47:24 PM   E-mail in the car   7/24/00 10:09:21 PM   HUD usage   7/26/00 1:46:27 PM   HUD usage   7/26/00 1:47:16 PM   Radio/CD player designs need standards   7/31/00 2:13:49 AM   Integration and solutions causing potential new problems   8/1/00 10:09:55 AM   Radio content can be distracting   8/1/00 10:25:10 AM   Ergonomic design and visual pollution   8/3/00 2:14:33 PM   Ergonomic design and visual pollution (ergonomically improved!)   8/3/00 2:23:18 PM
Research Needs
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